弗兰克·劳埃德·赖特:建筑美国之人

  • Jonathan Adams
  • 120分钟
  • <p>  Frank Lloyd Wright is Ame… <p>  Frank Lloyd Wright is America's greatest-ever architect. However, few people know about the Welsh roots that shaped his life and world-famous buildings. Now, leading Welsh architect Jonathan Adams sets off across America to explore Frank Lloyd Wright's masterpieces for himself. Along the way, he uncovers the tempestuous life story of the man behind them and the significance of his radical family background.<br/>  In a career spanning seven decades, Frank Lloyd Wright built over 500 buildings, and changed the face of modern architecture: Fallingwater, the house over the waterfall, has been called the greatest house of the 20th century the spiralling Guggenheim Museum in New York reinvented the art museum the concrete Unity Temple was the first truly modern building in the world. But the underlying philosophy that links all Wright's buildings is as important as anything he built.<br/>  Those ideas were rooted in the Unitarian religion of Frank Lloyd Wright's mother. Anna Lloyd Jones was born and raised near Llandysul in west Wales and migrated to America with her family in 1844, most likely to escape religious persecution. Her son, Frank, was raised in a Unitarian community in Wisconsin, a small piece of Wales in America. The values he absorbed there were based on the sanctity of nature, the importance of hard work, and the need to question convention and defy it where necessary. Wright's architecture was shaped by, and expressed, these beliefs.<br/>  Frank Lloyd Wright set out to create a new American architecture for a new country. He built his own lifelong home in the valley he was raised in, and he named it after an ancient Welsh bard called Taliesin. It was the scene of many adventures - and a horrific crime. In 1914, a servant at Taliesin ran amok and killed seven people including Wright's partner, Mamah Cheney, and her two young children.<br/>  Wright rebuilt his home and went on to marry a Montenegrin woman, Olgivanna Milanoff, some 30 years younger than him. It was Olgivanna who struck upon the idea that saved Wright's career after the Wall Street Crash and personal scandal laid it low. She decided that her husband should take on apprentices and that the apprentices should pay for the privilege. The Taliesin Fellowship had a hands-on approach, with apprentices often building extensions to Wright's own houses, labouring and cooking for him. Somehow it worked, lasting for decades and nurturing hundreds of young talents.<br/>  Frank Lloyd Wright died in 1959 aged 91 while working on his final masterpiece, New York's incomparable Guggenheim Museum. He had been born in the wake of the American civil war, the son of a pioneer, and died a television celebrity, in the space age. He is buried in the shadow of Taliesin, alongside his Welsh ancestors.<br/>  A 150 years after his birth, Jonathan Adams argues that Frank Lloyd Wright is now a vitally important figure who can teach us how to build for a better world. Wright believed in what he called organic architecture buildings that grace the landscape, express an idea of how to live and respond to individual needs. This bespoke approach - a philosophy, not a style - puts him at the heart of modern architectural thinking.</p>
剧情简介
影片影评
经典台词
人物角色
《弗兰克·劳埃德·赖特:建筑美国之人》是2017年由伊恩·迈克尔·琼斯执导的一部关于美国最伟大建筑师之一的纪录片。影片以赖特长达70年的职业生涯为主线,深入剖析了他如何通过建筑重塑了美国人的居住方式与审美观念。故事从赖特1867年出生于威斯康星州开始,追溯他早年跟随母亲学习几何形状、在芝加哥与路易斯·沙利文共事汲取灵感,再到1909年因与客户妻子梅玛·切尼私奔而引发丑闻,导致事业跌入谷底。影片通过大量从未公开的私人信件、手稿和罕见档案影像,再现了赖特一生中最重要的建筑实践:从草原式住宅的经典作品罗比住宅、流水别墅,到东京帝国饭店(抗震设计)、纽约古根海姆博物馆的螺旋坡道设计。时代背景横跨美国工业革命、大萧条、两次世界大战以及战后郊区的膨胀,赖特始终试图用“有机建筑”理念打破欧洲古典传统的束缚。他的一生充满矛盾:既是天才的革新者,却因风流倜傥、傲慢自负和财务混乱数度破产;他提倡建筑与自然和谐,却与多个情人生育子女后又抛弃妻子。影片也聚焦了赖特晚年的戏剧性:1932年创办塔里埃森工作室,带领学徒在沙漠中拓荒,期间遭遇火灾、谋杀等悲剧。最终,在89岁去世前一年,他完成了古根海姆博物馆的开放,成为现代建筑史上不朽的丰碑。全片不仅呈现了建筑师的创作历程,更揭示了美国现代文化与个人主义精神的演进。
影片以“建筑即生命”为叙事主轴,剧本结构堪称教科书级的纪录片典范:以时间线为主线,穿插关键建筑作品的专题解析,既避免了传记片常见的流水账,又通过“成就—争议—精神内核”的螺旋式递进,让赖特的形象立体饱满。开篇从1959年赖特临终前凝视塔里埃森模型的特写切入,以“未完成的作品”隐喻贯穿全片,将其设计生涯的起伏与美国社会变革(如城市化浪潮、现代主义思潮)紧密绑定,使建筑史成为理解美国文化的密码。在“演技”维度,纪录片巧妙规避了传统电影的“表演”,转而以“真实人物访谈”替代——建筑学者、赖特孙女、前学徒的口述交织出权威视角,而旁白以深沉的语调(如“他的每道线条都在说:‘我活着’”)将建筑的“冰冷结构”转化为“有温度的生命轨迹”,实现了专业深度与情感共鸣的平衡。历史价值层面,影片堪称“赖特研究的影像百科”:通过4K修复的早期建筑动态影像(如1910年罗宾别墅落成典礼)、与包豪斯档案的跨时空对话(展示赖特对柯布西耶的影响),揭示其“有机建筑”理念如何重塑全球建筑语言。镜头美学上,无人机航拍的建筑全景与微观手稿特写形成视觉张力,配乐以钢琴与管风琴交织,既烘托草原风建筑的宁静,又暗合流水别墅的“自然韵律”,让观众在震撼中理解:赖特的伟大,不仅在于建筑本身,更在于他用一生诠释了“艺术如何成为生活的本质”。
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建筑不是关于水泥、钢筋和玻璃,而是关于空间和光线的诗意。
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每一座伟大的建筑,都始于一个关于人类居住方式的新梦想。
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我把房子从盒子中解放出来——这是一个革命,一次对传统居住观念的彻底颠覆。
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为了打破摩天大楼高高在上的傲慢,我造了一座倒置的塔,让参观者从坡道缓缓下降,像螺旋贝壳一样拥抱艺术。
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人们说我是疯子、骗子、天才——实际上我只是比他们先看到了未来的模样。
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在塔里埃森,我教给学徒们的不是如何画图纸,而是如何用双手去感知大地。
弗兰克·劳埃德·赖特
🎭演员:托马斯·詹姆斯·科尔曼 (Thomas James Coleman, 根据纪录片演员表推测)
作为全片绝对的核心,赖特的形象被塑造为一个复杂多面的天才。他拥有孩童般的好奇心,每一次新的项目都视为打破旧规则的实验;但他又是极度以自我为中心的控制狂,能够为了一个弧形窗的完美角度与承包商争吵数月。影片通过重现他在塔里埃森赤脚授课、在火烧废墟中拾起仍带温热的瓦片等细节,暗示了他内心的炽热与脆弱。赖特最鲜明的特征是他对‘有机建筑’近乎宗教般的信仰——他相信建筑应该从土地中生长,像树木一样有生命。然而这种信仰也使他与现实世界格格不入:他厌恶郊区住宅的批量生产,却不得不为了生计接许多不情愿的订单。演员的表演着重其眼神中的锐利与嘴角的倔强,成功将文献中的符号化人物还原为一个活生生、有血有肉的人。

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